Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2011 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 8 Articles
This paper proposes an alternative approach to economic growth with money. The production side is the same as the Solow model, the Ramsey model, and the Tobin model. But we deal with behavior of consumers differently from the traditional approaches. The model is influenced by the money-in-the-utility (MIU) approach in monetary economics. It provides a mechanism of endogenous saving which the Solow model lacks and avoids the assumption of adding up utility over a period of time upon which the Ramsey approach is based....
Economic evaluation is used for effective resource allocation in health sector. Accumulated knowledge about economic evaluation of health programs in Bangladesh is not currently available. While a number of economic evaluation studies have been performed in Bangladesh, no systematic investigation of the studies has been done to our knowledge. The aim of this current study is to systematically review the published\narticles in peer-reviewed journals on economic evaluation of health and health-related interventions in Bangladesh.\nLiterature searches was carried out during November-December 2008 with a combination of key words, MeSH terms and other free text terms as suitable for the purpose. A comprehensive search strategy was developed to search Medline by the PubMed interface. The first specific interest was mapping the articles considering the areas of exploration by economic evaluation and the second interest was to scrutiny the methodological quality of studies. The methodological quality of economic evaluation of all articles has been scrutinized against the checklist\ndeveloped by Evers Silvia and associates.\nOf 1784 potential articles 12 were accepted for inclusion. Ten studies described the competing alternatives clearly and only two articles stated the perspective of their articles clearly. All studies included direct cost, incurred by the providers. Only one study included the cost of community donated resources and volunteer costs. Two\nstudies calculated the incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER). Six of the studies applied some sort of sensitivity analysis. Two of the studies discussed financial affordability of expected implementers and four studies discussed\nthe issue of generalizability for application in different context. \nVery few economic evaluation studies in Bangladesh are found in different areas of health and healthrelated interventions, which does not provide a strong basis of knowledge in the area. The most frequently applied economic evaluation is cost-effectiveness analysis. The majority of the studies did not follow the scientific method of economic evaluation process, which consequently resulted into lack of robustness of the analyses. Capacity building on economic evaluation of health and health-related programs should be enhanced....
This study evaluates the impact of an increase in cigarette tax in Taiwan in terms of\nthe effects it has on the overall economy and the health benefits that it brings.\nThe multisector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model was used to simulate the\nimpact of reduced cigarette consumption resulting from a new tax scheme on the entire economy gains and on health benefits.\nThe results predict that because of the new tax scheme, there should be a marked\nreduction in cigarette consumption but a notable increase in health benefits that include saving between 28,125 and 56,250 lives. This could save NT$1.222~2.445 billion (where US$1 =NT$34.6) annually in life-threatening, cigarette-related health insurance expenses which exceeds the projected decrease of NT$1.275 billion in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) because of reduced consumption and therefore tax revenue.\nOverall, the increased cigarette excise tax will be beneficial in terms of both the\nhealth of the general public and the economy as a whole....
This article is oriented to the problems relating to the management of the economics issues in enterprises as one of the key support processes. It defines and delimits the basic terminology ââ?¬â?? which is not always understood in the same way in this field, whether this be by managers, economic specialists, or IT professionals. The article goes on to define and delimit the individual sub-processes as well as the relationships between them. The management of economic issues is then confronted with the opportunities and possibilities offered by the functionality of ERP systems ââ?¬â?? i.e. the software applications without which it would be difficult to imagine the integrated management of an enterprise as a whole, including its coverage of economic, production, logistics and Human Resources issues. This article also summarises observations and knowledge to-date gathered by the Center for inVestigations into Information Systems (CVIS) and presents the main results and outcomes of research conducted in the Czech ERP market with an orientation on the management of economic processes and its follow-up support of managerial decision-making....
There is ample evidence in Asia and Latin America showing that past economic crises resulted in cuts in expenditures on health, lower utilization of health services, and deterioration of child and maternal nutrition and health outcomes. Evidence on the impact of past economic crises on health sector in Africa is lacking. The objectives of this article are to present the findings of a quick survey conducted among countries of the WHO African Region to monitor the effects of global financial crisis on funding for health development; and to discuss the way forward.\nThe main findings were as follows: the response rate was 41.3% (19/46 countries); 36.8% (7/19) indicated they had been notified by the Ministry of Finance that the budget for health would be cut; 15.8% (3/19) had been notified by partners of their intention to cut health funding; 61.1% (11/18) indicated that the prices of medicines had increased recently; 83.3% (15/18) indicated that the prices of basic food stuffs had increased recently; 38.8% (7/18) indicated that their local currency had been devalued against the US dollar; 47.1% (8/17) affirmed that the levels of unemployment had increased since the onset of global financial crisis; and 64.7% (11/17) indicated that the ministry of health had taken some measures already, either in reaction to the global financing crisis, or in anticipation.\nA rapid assessment, like the one reported in this article, of the effects of the global financial crisis on a few variables, is important to alert the Ministry of Health on the looming danger of cuts in health funding from domestic and external sources. However, it is even more important for national governments to monitor the effects of the economic crisis and the policy responses on the social determinants of health, health inputs, health system outputs and health system outcomes, e.g. health....
The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical model analyzing the economic ramifications of the introduction of a communal association into a neighborhood. In the baseline case heterogeneous households choose a residential area solely based on their preference for safety. After the introduction of a communal association household choice is conditioned upon the association type, which in turn depends on how the association balances safety and additional (dis)utility relative to the fees of living in different neighborhoods. The results of the model suggest that a community development policy promoting super-safe associations increase social exclusion. In contrast, a policy aimed at increasing of amenities such as that provided in balanced associations, spreads its influence over wider circle of households....
Utilizing linear mixed oligopoly model, this paper explores the magnitude of the maximum-revenue tariff, optimum-welfare tariff, and revenue-constrained optimal tariff that is especially designed for the consideration of the bureaucratic inefficiency. In particular, the tariff ranking issue is examined under both cases of Cournot competition and domestic public leadership. We found that, under Cournot competition, the optimum-welfare tariff is the highest and it is followed by the revenue-constrained optimal tariff while the maximum-revenue tariff is the lowest. But, under Stackelberg public leadership, if the domestic private firms are fewer than the foreign firms, the maximum-revenue tariff becomes the highest and the optimum-welfare exceeds the revenue-constrained optimal tariff....
The vast majority of efficient market research to date has focused on the major markets of the United States of America and European countries and very small attention has been given to the emerging markets of Latin America, Asia, the Middle East and Africa. This study seeks evidence supporting the existence of market efficiency on the Johannesburg stock exchange (JSE).The sample includes the daily price indices of all securities listed on the JSE for the period since January 2000 to December 2004.The hypothesis of the study is whether the Johannesburg stock exchange is informationally efficient (Weak form and Semi-strong forms).The results from the unit root test, the ADF test and the causality test at the Granger sense provide evidence that the Johannesburg stock exchange (JSE) is informationally efficient so that nobody cannot use the exchange rate to forecast or predict stock prices in the Johannesburg stock exchange. These issues are important to security analysts, investors, and security regulatory exchange bodies in their policy making decision to improve the market conditions. This study deserves continuous research on this area to reach the ultimate conclusion about the level of efficiency of emerging markets....
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